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Apologetics Index - S
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Christian Non-Christian Secular Pluralistic Grey Zone, Unsure or Offkey
Aberrational, Heretical, Heterodox, Suborthodox or Unorthodox Academic
Profess to be Christian but are outside orthodox Christianity. Off-site Link
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Sabbath
Sabellianism
Heretical teaching denying the doctrine of the Trinity
Sabellianism was an attempt to solve the problem of how to accept the deity of Christ and also maintain the unity of God. Sabellians achieved this at the expense of a trinity of persons in the Godhead. They reduced the status of the persons to modes or manifestations of the one God. The term is frequently coupled with the word 'monarchy' to denote the primacy of God as the Father.
The Son and the Holy Spirit are thus revelatory and apparently temporal modes of God the Father's self-revelation...
Sahaja Yoga
Sai Baba, Sathya
Saints Alive in Christ
Sacred Tribes Journal
Salad-bar Religion
Salafi
Saliba, John Dr.
Professor of Religious Studies, University of Detroit. Jesuit priest. Considered a "professional referral" by the Scientology-owned CAN.
Salomon, Gershon
Salvation
Sam Hinn Ministries
Ministry founded and led by Benny Hinn's brother. See Sam Hinn
Samples, Kenneth
Founder and President of Augustine Fellowship Study Center Instructor of Philosophy and Religion at Cerritos College (Cerritos, CA) and College of the Desert (CA). Director of Education at Christ Reformed Church, and also serves on the editorial and communication staff at "Reasons to Believe" (Hugh Ross).
Former researcher with the Christian Research Institute
Sanford, John and Paula
Major proponents of the popular, but controversial, Inner Healing counseling technique. (Elijah House).
Sanskrit
Vedic and mantric language.
Santeria
Satanism
See this page
Satanic Ritual Abuse (SRA)
Scheidegger, Martin
Schlessinger, Dr. Laura
Schuller, Robert
Science
Science of Creative Intelligence
Scientology
Scism
A division within a religious group, especially one which divides Christians from one another. Adj.: "schismatic."
Scismatic
Scott, Gene
"Scripture Twisting Methods of the Cults"
Must-have book by James Sire on how false teachers misuse the Word of God.
See Scripture Twisting Methods of the Cults for an informative summary.
Secret Sect
Sect
Ambiguous term. More at sect.
A religious group formed as the result of schism, especially one which is fairly small and of relatively recent origin. Adj.: "sectarian."
In many European countries, the term "sect" is used instead of "cult." Some media outlets also make the substitution.
In turn, sects are sometimes referred to with the more neutral term "New Religious Movements.", or "Minority Religion"
» See also Cults, Sects, Alternative Religious Movements
Sect Commissioner
Sect Filter
See this page
Sectarian
Secticide, Le
Extensive anticult web site, operated by French cult expert Roger Gonnet
Seed-faith
Prosperity teaching. The Word-Faith teaching that claims to receive anything at all from God, one must first donate money, known as a seed-faith offering.
Seeker-sensitive Churches
Self Empowerment Academy
Jasmuheen's Brisbane, Australia organization. See: Breatharianism
Self-Realization Fellowship
Blends pagan Hinduism and the teachings of Jesus. Founded by Paramahansa Yogananda.
Articles
» Database of archived news items
(Includes items added between Oct. 25, 1999 and Jan. 31, 2002. See about this database)
Servants of the Eucharistis Heart of Jesus
Servetus, Michael
Seven Seals, The
The late David Koresh' message.
Seventh-Day Adventism
Sex
Sex Magic
The use of sex (e.g., intercourse -- actual or symbolic) within a ritual or spell-casting session to facilitate or augment the efficacy of a given magical rite. That is, sexual activities are used to accomplish the desired goal of the occultist.
Shaktipat
"Shakti" is another word for kundalini and "pat" means to descend. Shaktipat is a method by which an individual's kundalini is awakened by the direct intervention of a guru. There are several varieties of shaktipat depending on the facility of the guru and the receptiveness of the disciple.
It is probably not useful to try to resurrect the nine or more classifications of shaktipat used in the classical literature here. Practially speaking shaktipat is known by its results: the awakening of of the student's kundalini.
There are also a variety of mechanisms for conveying shaktipat. These include: by glance, by word or mantra, by touch or simply by intention.
Shakty Pat Gury Foundation
Police on Monday began an autopsy on a 66-year-old man who was found mummified last week in a hotel here, despite adamant protests to call off the examination from cultists who insist the man is still alive.
(...)
Acolytes of Shakty Pat Guru Foundation (SPGF), a philosophy seminar group connected to the self-enlightenment cult known as Life Space, have told police officials that Kobayashi was recovering from treatment performed by the group's guru, Shakty Pat, whose real name is Koji Takahashi. The followers say that conducting an autopsy on Kobayashi would result in his death.
Shamanism
See updated entry on Shamanism
Shamblin, Gwen
Share International
Benjamin Creme's New Age organization. Teaches that Jesus has returned as Maitreya, the "World Teacher," claims he is "now living among us" and that he will soon be revealed.
Newsletter: Emergence
Sharia
Sharp's Rule
In 1798 Granville Sharp published a book setting forth six rules governing the use of the definite article ("the") in the Greek New Testament. The first of these, known popularly as "Sharp's rule," has rightly been cited in support of understanding Titus 2:13 and 2 Peter 1:1 to be calling Jesus "God."
Sharp's Rule and Antitrinitarian Theologies A Bicentennial Defense of Granville Sharp's Argument for the Deity of Christ. By Robert M. Bowman, Jr. Includes a complete critique of Greg Stafford's treatment of Sharp's rule in his book "Jehovah's Witnesses Defended".
Sheep Stealing
Officially: proselytism. The act of trying to recruit members away from other churches, rather than gain members through conversion of the unchurched.
Shelton, Rick
Pastor, Life Christian Center in St. Louis, MO. Frequently stands in for, and works together with, Rodney Howard-Browne. Known for his extended "pre-sermon" begging sessions, in which he twists and manipulates Bible passages like 1 Cor. 9 and Luke 5:1-6 to badger his audience into giving more, more, more... ( Example).
Uses the so-called "anointing" to make a public display of people who manifest in various ways.
Shepherding
Usually heavy-handed discipling in which each person is "shepherded" by someone in "over him". Generally, it calls for unquestioning obedience.
Example: Floyd McClung, when he was a top leader in Youth With A Mission, told people they should obey him even if they thought or knew him to be wrong. He justified this by claiming God would reward people for obeying their leaders. Questioning was seen as a form of "rebellion".
Shepherd's Rod
Shermer, Michael
I used to be a born-again Christian. Now you could say I'm a born-again atheist. But they are both articles of faith, so the correct term would be to say that I'm nontheistic, because a belief that there is no God is not the same as to have no belief in God."
Shi'a
» A branch of Islam. See Extended Entry
Shi'ittes
Adherents of Shia, a branch of Islam.
Shinshuren
Shouters, The
Shunning
Shupe, Anson
Siddha Yoga Dham
Signs and Wonders
Sikhism
 See this page
Silvania
SIMPOS
Foundation for information on social problems and occult tendencies (Stichting Informatie over Maatschappelijke Problemen rond Occulte Stromingen). Dutch organization of skeptics. Extensive collection of links to information about cults, sects, and occult movements, with a focus on their influence on society. Info in Dutch, English, Bahasa Indonesian, and Swedish.
Sin
Sinason, Valerie
Singer, Margaret Taler (1921 -- 2003)
The entry on cult expert Margaret Singer has been moved.
Singh, Charan and Sawan
Founders and leaders of Radhoasoami Satsang Beas, a religion based on what is called Surat Shabd Yoga (the yoga of "divine sounds and light"), from which much of the American cult of Eckankar was derived.
Singh, Kirpal
Six-Six-Six
Skeptical Inquirer, The
Magazine published by CSICOP (Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal)
Skeptic Magazine
Published by the Skeptics Society. Lots of good articles, some of which are available online.
Michael Shermer, Publisher
Skeptic's Dictionary, The
Hundreds of skeptical definitions, essays and references from acupuncture to zombies.
Skeptics Society
Michael Shermer, Director
The Skeptics Society is a scientific and educational organization of scholars, scientists, historians, magicians, professors and teachers, and anyone curious about controversial ideas, extraordinary claims, revolutionary ideas and the promotion of science.
Sky Kingdom
Slain in the Spirit
Also "resting in the Spirit" or in the vernacular of movements like the Toronto Blessing and Pensacola Outpouring "doing carpet time."
This manifestation is promoted especially (but not exclusively) by proponents of some current renewal and revival movements.
In a practice said to have been introduced by Kathryn Kuhlman, people who receive what they consider to tbe a "touch of the Holy Spirit" pass out on the floor, where they are said to "rest in the Spirit." Many people do not pass out completely, but rather "yield" - i.e., they voluntarily fall to the floor.
Churches like the Vineyard Movement, the Toronto Christian Fellowship, and preachers like Benny Hinn say they do not completely understand why people fall "under the power of the Spirit." However, they do claim God can more easily do a work of healing, renewal, and/or impartation while a person "does carpet time".
People who do not fall are sometimes referred to as "HTR" - Hard To Receive.
Slick, Matt
Ed Smith
Dr. Ed Smith, is a Christian therapist from Campbellsville, Kentucky, who pioneered TheoPhostic Counseling, basically inner healing in a different jacket.
Smith, Huston
Author, "The World's Religions." Claims to be a Christian, but is a religious pluralist.
Asked how he maintains his unusual approach to a religious practice, Smith describes a routine that is not typical of a member of the United Methodist Church, which he is. His daily rituals include hatha yoga and reading from the Bhagavad Gita or the Tao Te Ching if not the Bible. He
meditates as often as he prays.
(...)
One minute he's reminding you of his graduate student years at the rigorous University of Chicago. The next, he's confessing to a visit with Ramtha, a warrior from the lost continent of Atlantis being channeled through a former cable TV saleswoman in Yelm, Wash.
Snake Handling
The practice of handling snakes as a sign of faith, based on an interpretation of Mark 16:18. Practiced mainly by small, fundamentalist Pentecostal churches in Central and Southern Appalachia (USA).
Not condoned by mainstream Pentecostal churches nor other denominations).
Society for the Study of Metaphysical Religion
The Society is concerned with metaphysics both in its traditional philosophical meaning (the study of the basic nature of all reality) and in its popular meaning (whatever is beyond the physical). Sometimes New Thought and other groups that emphasize the power of mind and the reality of more than the physical world are called metaphysics and their practitioners metaphysicians. Any group--whether esoteric, theosophical, New Age, or Christian Science--with such emphases would come within the purview of the Society, but thus far its attention has been concentrated on the New Thought movement, and its annual meetings have been held in conjunction with the annual Expos of the International New Thought Alliance.
 Sociology 257: New Religious Movements
Course taught by Jeffrey K. Hadden at the University of Virginia. Mr. Hadden says he started the web site as a modest resource for his students, but is has grown into a significant database of information on cults and sects (from a pluralistic, sociological point of view), which are referred to as New Religious Movements. The site includes lecture outlines (some in Powerpoint slide format), and a large and growing collection of Religious Movement information pages - many provided by Mr. Hadden's students. The information provided is of varying quality, and Hadden's strong anti-anticult stance permeates the entire site.
Note: Jeffrey Hadden is listed as a "professional referral" by the Scientology-operated CAN, and is widely considered to be a cult apologist.
Soka Gakkai International
A Buddhist organization that promotes the teachings of Nichiren Daishonin, founder of Nishiren Shoshu Buddhism - a sect of Buddhism.
Who's got the power in Japan?
Not the PM. It's New Komeito, but voters are deeply suspicious of the party's cult origins and agenda.
(...)
The deep conflict arises from New Komeito's relationship with Soka Gakkai, a giant lay Buddhist organisation dominated by its spiritual leader, Daisaku Ikeda.
Soka Gakkai (the name means Value-Creation Society) was set up by two teachers in the 1920s to further the beliefs of an influential Buddhist sect, Nichiren Shoshu. One of its founders, Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, died in prison during World War II for refusing to bow to state-enforced Shintoism.
But it is a postwar boom that has given Soka Gakkai its clout (and its notoriety). Using the massive funds generated by its 8 million members, mostly housewives and small business people, Ikeda has been able to build Soka Gakkai into a giant global organisation, aimed at ''promoting peace through culture and education''.
The expansion has not done much for its domestic image. Despite its lofty goals, some heavy-handed recruiting tactics in the 1970s and 1980s and its intolerance of criticism have left many Japanese deeply suspicious of the body and its leadership.
''To me, New Komeito is little more than a cult, like Aum [Shrinrikyo, the doomsday organisation behind the 1995 Tokyo subway gassings],'' one conservative voter in central Japan complained during the election campaign. [...more...]
Sites
Jiyuno Toride the home page of the Victims of Soka Gakkai Association.
Solar Temple
 The Order of the Solar Temple entry was moved over here.
Solid Rock
Solomon's Temple
Sons of Freedom
Radical sect of the Doukhobor faith
Sons of Light, The
Ronald O'Brien instructs members of his organization, Friends of the Eucharist, to form a religious army, The Sons of Light, and hunker down in northern New Hampshire to defend true Catholicism.
Sound
Agreeing with and faithful to biblical teaching and to orthodoxy beyond a bare minimum, such that Christians may be encouraged to continue in this way. Contrasted with aberrational, which refers to orthodox teaching or practice which is only barely so. Its opposite, "unsound" may be used to express degrees of deficiency in soundness.
Southern Poverty Law Center
US (Montgomery, Alabama) human rights organization that tracks hate groups and their activities.
Spiritism
... refers to the practice of attempting communication with departed human or extrahuman intelligences (usually nonphysical) through the agency of a human medium, with the intent of receiving paranormal information and/or having direct experience of metaphysical realities
Channeling: Spiritistic Revelations For The New Age, Elliot Miller. Christian Research Journal, San Juan Capistrano. Vol. 10, No. 2, Fall 1987
"The Bible (...) portrays the practice of spiritism as the direct antithesis of inspired prophecy and Scripture" - Miller, ibid. (see Deuteronomy 18:9-12).
See also: occult
Spirits, Territorial
A pagan concept that holds certain spirits rule over a geographic area. Promoted by, among others, adherents of Kingdom Now theology. This includes Peter Wagner), many of whose ideas on Spiritual warfare are extra-Biblical or un-Biblical
... some Christians accept the notion of 'territorial spirits' as readily as pagans, the only difference being that they believe that such 'spirits' should be confronted through authoritative prayer and commands issued 'in the Spirit'.
Do Demons Have Zip Codes? "The closest things to territorial spirits in the New Testament are angels, not demons." An item in Christianity Today magazine.
Territorial spirits by Charles Hoole
Spiritual Abuse
Spiritual Counterfeits Project
The Spiritual Counterfeits Project entry has moved over here.
Spiritual Gifts
Spiritual Warfare
Spoken Word Publications
Publishes the books, tapes and other messages by William Branham
Spriggs, Elbert Eugene
SRA
Sri Aurobindo Association
"a non-profit, tax-exempt organization whose purpose is to assist groups and individuals devoted to the realization of the spiritual vision of Sri Aurobindo and the Mother."
Stafford, Greg
One of Jehovah's Witnesses. Considered one of today's top Jehovah's Witness apologists (see cult apologists). [ Extended entry]
Stamm, Hugo
Stand To Reason
"Building Christian Thinkers for the Public Defense of the Faith"
Founded by Greg Koukl
P.O. Box 6568
San Pedro, CA 90734
Voice mail (800) 2-REASON
Phone (310) 539-3932
Fax (310) 539-3804
Email: info@str.org
Statistics
Books
When it comes to thinking about statistics, there are four kinds of people: awestruck, naive, cynical, and critical. According to sociologist Joel Best, the vast majority of people are naive (yes, you too probably suffer from a mild case of innumeracy), and the result is mutant statistics, guesswork, and poor policy decisions. ''Bad statistics live on,'' writes Best in this highly accessible book, ''they take on lives of their own.'' (...) In an effort to turn people into critical thinkers, Best presents three questions to ask about all statistics and the four basic sources of bad ones. He shows how good statistics go bad; why comparing statistics from different time periods, groups, etc. is akin to mixing apples and oranges; and why surveys do little to clarify people's feelings about complex social issues.
[...more...]
Amazon.com Review
Adherents.com Private, unaffiliated initiative with a wealth of statistical information:
Adherents.com is a growing collection of over 41,000 adherent statistics and religious geography citations -- references to published membership/adherent statistics and congregation statistics for over 4,000 religions, churches, denominations, religious bodies, faith groups, tribes, cultures, movements, ultimate concerns, etc.
Basically, researchers can use this site to answer such questions as "How many Episcopalians live in South Carolina?", "What are the major religions in Austria?" or "What percentage of the world is Jewish?" We present data from both primary research sources such as government census reports, statistical sampling surveys and organizational reporting, as well as citations from secondary literature which mention adherent statistics.
Adherents.com is an Internet initiative and is not affiliated with any religious, political, educational, or commercial organization.
Barna Research A marketing research company that provides information and analysis regarding cultural trends and the Christian Church.
Steve Winter FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions about Steve Winter. Read before attempting to engage him in a discussion.
Stevens, John Robert (1919 - 1983)
Steward, Don
Story, Carl E.
Stratford, Lauren
Pen name of Laurel Rose Willson. Her various life stories, including alleged "Satanic Ritual Abuse" and having been a Holocaust survivor, have been exposed as hoaxes. "Binjamin Wilkimorski," who claimed to recognize her as a Holocaust survivor, was also exposed as the purveryor of a hoax.
Lauren Stratford Redux: Bob & Gretchen Passantino document "Lauren Stratford'"s latest hoax. From Cornerstone, vol. 117, Oct. 13, 1999
Satan’s Sideshow: The True Lauren Stratford Story by Bob & Gretchen Passantino and Jon Trott. The initial expose from Cornerstone Vol. 18 Iss. 90, 1990
Strong City
Students of the Seven Seals
A splintergroup of Branch Davidians
"Subtle Power of Spiritual Abuse, The"
By David Johnson & Jeff VanVonderen. InterVarsity Press, 1992
Summary of the book.
The authors may be contacted at:
Damascus, Inc.
Box 22432
Minneapolis, MN 55422
(612) 537-0217
See also Abuse, Spiritual
Suborthodox
Success coaches
Success Seminars
Altered States Humor columnist Dave Barry Takes A Success Seminar. (As the Chinese say: He who laughs, understands.)
Sufism
Islamic mystical tradition.
Suicide Bombers, Islamic
Summum
 See our updated entry on Summum.
Described in April, 1999, by the Salt Lake Tribune as "a religion founded more than 20 years ago in Salt Lake City"
Members believe pyramids have the power to channel cosmic energy and support mummification to prepare bodies for the journey through the afterlife. [Source]
Sunderland Christian Centre
Currently called Revival Now! Ministries. Church connected to the Toronto Blessing Movement. Lead by Ken and Lois Gott.
Sunni
» A branch of Islam. See Extended Entry
Superior Universal Alignment : Liniamient Universal Superior
Supreme Mathematics
The teachings of the Five Percent movement.
Supreme Truth
Sword Distributing
Offers the Local Church's collection of books.
Sword of the Lord
Teaching perculiar to the "Toronto Blessing." See Golden Sword
Sword, Golden
Frequently mentioned by supporters of certain renewal and revival movements. Most popular among adherents of the Toronto Blessing Movement. From a Jan. 20, 1997 prophecy by Carol Arnott. The prophecy includes the phrase:
In this next wave I am requiring those who take up this golden sword to be refined, to be pure, to have all the dross refined in the fire because if you take this sword and there is secret sin in your life this sword will kill you.
John and Carol Arnott teach that this sword is a new anointing called "The Sword of the Lord." At times, this is also referred to as the "Warrior Anointing." The anointing is accompanied by a manifestation: clasping the hands above the head, as if holding a sword, and then swinging the sword back and forth. Often this manifestation includes roaring and yelling "war cries."
Sword of the Lord Full text of the prophecy, and an eyewitness report of some of the resulting teachings and practices
Sword of the Lord Ministries
Despite the name, not related to the "Sword of the Lord" teachings of the Toronto Blessing Movement.
Site by and for ex-members of the Children of God (now known as The Family). Includes articles, message board, chat, and realaudio clips.
Email: sword@excult.org
Syncretism
A world view. The combination of different forms of belief and/or practice. See also eclecticism, and cafeteria religion.
The combining or merging and synthesizing of religions or religious beliefs, practices, and philosophies. This results in new or hybrid religions that are composed of diverse elements of the religions from which they were derived.
Synoptic Problem
 Syzygy: Journal of Alternative Religion and Culture
Now defunct "interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of New Religious Movements (NRMs)." Editor was cult-apologist James R. Lewis. International editor was cult apologist Massimo Introvigne. Associate editors were: Eileen Barker; David G. Bromley; Charles L. Harper; Evelyn Dorothy Oliver; J. Gordon Melton; Susan J. Palmer; Gary Shepherd. The magazine was sponsored by CESNUR and ISAR. Back issues are available.
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